A calcium test is a blood test that measures the level of calcium in the blood. Calcium is an important mineral that is involved in various bodily functions, such as bone and teeth health, nerve and muscle function, and blood clotting. A calcium test may be ordered as part of a routine health checkup or to help diagnose certain medical conditions, such as hypercalcemia (high calcium levels in the blood) or hypocalcemia (low calcium levels in the blood). Abnormal levels of calcium in the blood can be caused by a variety of factors, such as vitamin D deficiency, kidney disease, thyroid disorders, and cancer. The results of a calcium test may be used by doctors to help diagnose and monitor medical conditions, as well as to guide treatment plans.